大腦天生只能在「規律生活」與「善變生活」二選一,然後發揚光大

星座不是很準,因為每個人生命中都曾發生過善變、發生過固執,發生過浪漫,發生過推諉,發生過正義感,甚至發生過人格衝突……,只是多或少而已。但有些事情我們確實會有點扼腕,好像別人做得到,我就是做不到

以我來說,「固定做事」這件事我就是做不到。我們家一進門有一個空盤子,這盤子放在這裡的用意是一回家就要把所有的鑰匙、皮包、手機、手錶、通行磁卡通通都放在裡面,明天出門直接到盤子裡一一拿起來就好了。

但這個盤子到現在都是空的。每天早上依然必須耗費好多時間找足東西才能出門。其中「手機」是最容易找的,一通電話就可以找得到「它」,但其他東西像鑰匙、通行磁卡並不會自動接電話,默默的坐在沙發的雜誌堆下方,找好久才會找得到;至於昨天放在口袋裡的筆,算了,沒時間找它……所以必須常常去買筆,筆是我最大的花費。

現在,我找到原因了。

US NEWS在這星期引用了耶魯大學的科學家最近在美國國家科學學會報告,發表一篇研究,解釋「乾洗效應」(Dry Cleaning Effect)的原委。其實我的狀況並不是「乾洗效應」,所謂乾洗效應是說,美國上班族常在開車上班的路上將這周的衣服先送到乾洗店送洗,下班再記得去拿,但衣服可能二周才洗一次(那邊天氣就是這樣),而且不固定時間,所以就算前一晚想辦法記得了,將衣服放在門口,衣服也記得帶上車了,但它就一直掛在後座頂的手環上面,第一天忘記送它去乾洗,直接帶進辦公室,第二天又忘記,第三天、第四天……氣得要死,但就是會忘記。

現在耶魯的科學家說,這,不是健忘,而是因為太記得每天上班的動作,一上車,就是要開85號高速公路,然後轉向101高速公路,經過了同樣的看板,然後在同一個路口下去……這個動作上班族每天都做,已經「全自動」,自己大腦已經可以「自動導航」。由於太記得這個規律的事,因此不會記得突然要做的新事。

科學家進一步發現,「每天開同樣的路」和「記得換一條路去送乾洗」這兩件事,用的根本就是大腦二個完全不同的部位,前者是用到「紋狀體」(striatum),專門記憶以前熟悉的指令,後者則用到一個叫「海馬迴」(hippocampus)的區域,專門啟動新的事、空間學習(spatial learning)。更重要的是,科學家找來老鼠 (又是可憐的老鼠),將牠們腦中的striatum的功能破壞一下,結果竟然發現牠們的hippocampus的力量就莫名其妙的變強了!然後再找來另一批,改將牠們的hippocampus破壞一下,結果發現換成striatum變強了!

換句話說,這兩個部位,是會互相競爭的。因此,一個人不可能同時是個超有規律又超會做新事的人,假如一個人真能腳跨這兩塊,那它每一塊也不可能做得太好,這份研究所引導的結論就是這樣。

也就是說,如果你希望變成更有「原則」,做一個「規律」的人,那就請想辦法先放棄你平常那善變的一面,別常常換餐館、換車子、換工作、換女(男)朋友……。

如果你希望你可以常常神來一筆的「創意」,總是帶給他人意想不到的「驚喜」,那就先想辦法先放棄你平常那規律的一面,想辦法天天都做點不一樣的事,別常常讓自己進入「自動導航」的狀態。

這兩個地方只能選擇其一。當你努力的在成為一個很遵守原則、生活固定、每天汲汲營營的經營著同一件事,則你就別去想辦法改變;當你努力的成為一個充滿創意、每天要講出新的東西,則你就別想辦法變成一個每天都做同一件事的人。

這兩件事都是一種堅持,不是嗎?只不過「堅持」也要「二選一」,了解自己,然後堅持,無論是堅持做一個固執規律的人,還是堅持做一個善變創新的人,都有機會成為佼佼者,練一顆強大的大腦,而且愈練愈好

24 comments

  1. 這樣看來,現在的企業大多要求"紀律與創新",是員工必備的2個職能
    其實是緣木求魚、不闇人性的作法
    因為這2者在大腦裡存在tradeoff

    相反地應該搞清楚,這項工作到底需要紀律多一點的人,或,創新多一點的人
    That would be more pragmatic!

  2. 原來如此,有時在出門前想好上班途中要繞去哪裡一下(有時拿書、有時衣服送洗),可是還是會忘記,或騎超過了才發現,原來這是大腦的自動導航,好糟糕阿!無意識的生活耶,這種研究分析真是奇妙!

  3. 這篇文章真的很妙。我也是善變的傢伙,日常生活的記性都要感謝電腦—Google日曆’行事曆等等的提醒
    好家在電腦記性比我好啊

  4. George C. Lin, festival director, producer, community volunteer, arts advocate, scientist, son, brother, and most of all, dear and cherished friend to many, passed away Tuesday, October 14, 2008, at the age of 37.

    George had a remarkably varied career, having worked early on as a microbiologist, scientific researcher and a program manager for the National Institute of Justice in Washington, DC and in Chicago, and as a forensic scientist at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and DNA Identification Laboratory in Rockville, MD. While at the AFIPDL, George helped to identify the remains of wartime U.S. soldiers and the remains of 9/11 victims in an effort to reconnect them with their families. George attended the University of Miami in Florida, received a B.S. in Biology from the University of Cincinnati and a M.S. in Forensics Sciences from The George Washington University.

    After many years in a profession devoted to science, it wasn’t until 1999 that George unwittingly discovered his passion for the arts through film when he became involved part-time with an arts and education organization which ultimately led to the formation of Asian Pacific American Film, a non-profit corporation located in Washington, DC, where George served as Founding Executive Director. Under his guidance and leadership, the organization blossomed into one that exists today to serve as an interface for cross cultural communication between East and West through arts and media, hosting an annual film festival held throughout metro DC locations such as the Smithsonian Museum.

    In 2003, George left his career as a scientist to pursue his passion in the arts and media, community activism, and public arts administration on a full-time basis. He relocated to sunny San Diego to join the San Diego Asian Film Foundation as the Associate Festival Director. George helped to plan, organize and coordinate community outreach for the festival which screens over 150 films and attracts over 12,000 people every year. George was also a key organization spokesperson for Asian American media arts and issues at many local San Diego educational institutions. George also served on numerous boards and committees for many non-profits located in the San Diego area.

    Above and beyond his work with non-profit organizations, George worked tirelessly to help individuals everywhere. He was both an advocate for larger initiatives and issues on behalf of the organizations that he represented and as a supporter and mentor for the fledgling artist, musician, filmmaker, or student. George most enjoyed helping his friends and those in his community, but was equally helpful in guiding complete strangers just getting started in the business. Most notably, George co-produced Shangri-La, an independent opera with a renowned percussionist and a Pulitzer-prize-winning poet, in addition to assisting and introducing up-and coming producers, to mentoring many students embarking upon their dreams. Most recently, George accomplished what he always dreamed of, co-producing a film that locked shortly before his passing, Before We Close.

    In addition to a remarkable career, George also led an extraordinary life. Those who have met George all know that he was never short of conversation, enthusiasm, ideas, and memorable remarks. George was rarely ever satisfied with the notion of prevailing conventional wisdom, questioning everything from religious faith to the subtle yet distinct differences in taste of Skyline versus Goldstar chili spaghetti, a favorite of his growing up in Cincinnati. As passionate as he was for the arts community and public issues, George was equally as passionate about his hobbies and leisure time. George’s interests and activities varied with the Pacific Ocean’s tide, from mountain biking on the trails near his home in Carmel Valley, learning how to surf off of Swami’s beach, to stunt-kite flying on the bluffs of Torrey Pines, just to name a few. However, there were certain hobbies and interests that always remained the same: his passion for vintage high-end audio equipment, finding new restaurants and experimenting with new recipes, watching movies, attending performing arts events, reading, obscure tech gadgets, acquiring nostalgic kitsch, his on-going restoration of his 1950’s Honda Dream motorcycle and fixing all of the numerous headaches on his trusty Saab.

    At 18 years old, George was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, a rare and debilitating disease that continuously challenged him throughout his life. Yet for the next two decades, George always fought the odds, exceeding his physicians’ outlook of survival by a magnitude of order, and thereby going on to accomplish more than one could possibly imagine in a single lifetime. Notwithstanding the complications and symptoms of his rare and evolving cancer, George lived his life without the fear of physical and mental challenge, without the envy of good health, without the fear of death, and without letting on to most of those people around him that he suffered pain and the inconvenience of ongoing treatments and surgeries and the use of daily medication to help him cope with the symptoms of his disease. George lived his life to the very fullest until the end, and yet his drive, motivation, passion, kindness, humility, and mischievous humor was always endless and a source of inspiration to all.

    George is survived by his parents, Philip and Tricia Lin, of Cincinnati, OH, and by his brother, Frank Lin, of New York, NY. A memorial service will be held at 2pm, Saturday, October 25, 2008 at the family’s San Diego home at 7940 Rufus Court, San Diego, CA, 92129.

    In lieu of flowers or gifts, the family requests that charitable donations be made to The George C. Lin Memorial Fund established by his family, which will provide grants to institutions that provide scholarships to students studying film, and for pheochromocytoma research and awareness. Please send check donations to:

    The San Diego Foundation
    2508 Historic Decatur Rd. Ste. 200
    San Diego, CA 92106

    Please write the name of the fund, The George C. Lin Memorial Fund, on the memo line of the check.

    http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=32169912895#/group.php?gid=32169912895

  5. > 牠們腦中的striatum的功能破壞一下,結果竟然發現牠們的hippocampus的力量就莫名其妙的變強了!然後再找來另一批,改將牠們的hippocampus破壞一下,結果發現換成striatum變強了!

    這是研究結果

    > 換句話說,這兩個部位,是會互相競爭的。因此,一個人不可能同時是個超有規律又超會做新事的人,假如一個人真能腳跨這兩塊,那它每一塊也不可能做得太好,

    這是從研究結果推論

    但是這其中有個謬誤,A 壞(malfunction) B 變強,B 壞 A 變強,無法推論到 A 強 B 強 不存在,多數人 A, B都沒壞,可能只有差一些,好一些的分別,因此,這推論只是真相的一種可能性,並非研究可獲知的結論。

  6. 如果真是这样,规律思维和突发思维根本就是冲突,那不知道现在艺术届越来越火的art numerique的前途会是怎样呢?算法+艺术,两者在这个合作里,谁会是主导呢?还是…… 这根本就是一个死胡同?

  7. 據說左腦右腦也有類似的表現。
    這可以解釋為何有患者腦中風或是腦受傷之後,個性行為幾乎變了樣,原本是很中規中矩的人,之後成了極端創作的人,傷了部位不同表現差異很大,那個striatum就很容易有小中風。

  8. 你的結論下的太武斷,這不是二選一的事情;不然,建議大家把striatum的功能破壞一下或是把hippocampus破壞一下,不是更直接

  9. 我平常生活作息是相當規律嚴謹的,早睡早起,不碰菸酒,每天運動幾乎沒間斷過,也常常在規劃或設計某些系統,規則,因為我的工作是金融財務工程師,所以照這樣說,我應該是striatum人.

    但奇怪的是,我私底下對於新知識新事物非常渴望,誠品可以說是我的圖書館,而且我還是個3d動畫狂熱者,常常為了一股創作的熱情,畫些超現實的作品,沒人看得懂,我卻很自得其樂,而這種空間創作與hippocampus密切相關.

    我想說的是,每個人都是獨一無二的,絕對不是像電腦一樣可以0101001這樣清楚的分類,這由我的工作中可以清楚體會.其實Mr.6在邏輯命題上就有點小問題,就像之前nchild所說

    而我的看法是,每個人的腦中都同時存在A,B,但卻可以分為四種狀況.
    1.依自己的個性情緒再依當時情況而下決定,沒有一定邏輯可言.
    2.堅持做一個固執規律的人
    3.堅持做一個善變創新的人
    4.能夠自覺運用掌控好A,B的人
    第一種人是非常普通的人,可能是我們自己,沒有什麼原則,幾乎都是照自己的慾望或情緒做事,有時買東西三心二意喜新厭舊,卻每天下班走同一條路回家.
    第二種人是一個標準的公務員性格,喜歡每件事在掌控之下,不喜歡驚喜與變化,他盡其所能的鞏固自己的世界,避免其中的規律受到破壞.
    第三種人是一種奇怪的生物,旁人可能會為他大膽的舉動而嚇一跳,但他卻自得其樂,最不喜歡被強迫或命令,一成不變是他最痛恨的事.喜歡多方向思考,不會自我設限,但總是被人批評少一根筋或做事虎頭蛇尾,不易貫徹到底.
    第四種人是少數人中的少數人,通常給人的感覺是理性的,但卻有時會出現你意想不到的想法或意見,對自己的優缺點非常清楚,也知道如何發揮與改進,通常對自己有興趣的事物非常專精.

    以上四種人是我認為比較可行的分類,也包含了Mr.6的論點,並加以延伸,重點在於大部分的人都是先依自己的個性再依當時情況而下決定,沒有一定邏輯可言,而能夠有所堅持的人是少數,但能夠自覺並掌控運用好AB兩種思考與行動習慣的人更是少之又少,但並不是沒有.在日常生活中,我們幾乎都受到striatum的控制,在日復一日做著相同的事,但誰說每天朝九晚五的上班族不可以每個周末去學個陶藝,音樂,跳舞或自己能夠發揮創意的興趣呢?因此,我要推翻以下論點:

    但這並不代表你就一定要選邊站,要變成只靠某一種方面思考的人.誰說你不能每天早睡早起,謹守某方面的紀律,但卻又是個對自己有興趣的方面能夠發揮創意才華的A+B小天才呢 ?

    PS:舉一個小例子,世界聞名的藝術家兼科學家達文西,每天下午都要找點時間去散散步,讓自己能夠得到些新的靈感,難道他每天被striatum控制要去散步的例行公事有妨礙到他創作時使用hippocampus的靈光乍現嗎?大家動動腦吧,大腦是人類最珍貴的寶物…

  10. 因此,我要推翻以下論點:
    一個人不可能同時是個超有規律又超會做新事的人,假如一個人真能腳跨這兩塊,那它每一塊也不可能做得太好,這份研究所引導的結論就是這樣。

  11. 不論是規律與創新在大腦中發生了協調與衝突,這就是人類的特質,而且是僅有人類才會如此,所以建議各位珍惜當下所有的一切,在協調與衝突當中,重新檢視自我的能力與慣性。

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